Author: MyWay
Proofreader: Youri
Abstract: The FDA did not approve any mRNA vaccines prior to the pandemic due to safety issues. The main reason for the safety concerns was the serious side effects caused by the lipid nanoparticles (LNP) which used to transport mRNA between cells, but LNP is not described in the list of ingredients. In addition, are there no other unknown ingredients added to the vaccine? The public has a right to know the truth.
There is a strange phenomenon occurring during this vaccination campaign. In the past, when consumers went to grocery stores, they would carefully check the nutrition labels and determine whether there was any harm to their health in terms of sugar, fat, or calories. But when it comes to the topic of vaccination, which is vital to their health and livelihoods, they become selectively blind and idiotically naive. Do they trust the doctors who know nothing about the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine (since there is no valid data available due to no animal and clinical experiments conducted)? Or do they trust the pharmaceutical companies who are not liable for any deaths and injuries caused by the vaccine?
People should be aware that the FDA did not approve any mRNA vaccines prior to the pandemic due to safety issues. Why did the mRNA vaccines suddenly become safe to use ever since the virus outbreak?
The following is a detail list of ingredients inside the mRNA vaccine.
The medical ingredient for both vaccines is mRNA. In the past, scientists have clinically tested mRNA vaccines for a wide range of infectious diseases including rabies, influenza, and Zika. Until now, none have made it past small, early-phase clinical trials. But this time Big Pharma skipped the clinical trials which directly poses an unpredictable risk to the vaccinated population.
The first thing readers need to understand is that the two most important raw materials in mRNA vaccine production are lipid nanoparticles and magnetic beads.
The development of mRNA vaccines starts with the synthesis of mRNAs of various antigenic sequences of key viral targets, which are prepared into formulations by nanoparticle lipid loading technology, screened, and validated as effective antigens through animal and human experiments. Afterwards, vaccine samples will be prepared and produced.
Eukaryotic mRNA is generally composed of the following elements: 5′ cap structure, 5′ untranslated region (UTR), open reading frame (ORF), 3′ untranslated region (3’UTR) and a poly(A) polyadenylate tail of about 100-250 bp. mRNA vaccines are generally synthesized by an in vitro transcription using plasmid DNA or other DNA fragments containing the open reading frame of the target protein as a template. Since mRNA contains a cap structure at the 5′ end and a Poly(A) structure at the 3′ end, the addition of these elements is generally required after in vitro transcriptional synthesis of mRNA. The cap structure can induce the binding of mRNA and ribosome, and at the same time can protect the stability of mRNA from degradation by nucleases. The poly A structure provides an effective way for the extraction and purification of mRNA.
The purification of mRNA after synthesis is a very critical step. Magnetic beads separation techniques are a very effective method of mRNA purification presently. Through the principle of base pairing, magnetic beads bind the PolyT structure on the surface of magnetic beads through covalent bonding force, which is generally less than 1 micron in diameter and has the characteristics of superparamagnetic, fast magnetic responsiveness, excellent suspension, high surface area, high affinity and high specificity. The base complementary pairing between the PloyA tail of mRNA and the PolyT sequence on the magnetic bead surface. Using standard hybridization conditions, mRNA containing PolyA can be easily bound to oligo (dT). Other RNA species (rRNA and tRNA) do not contain poly A sequences and therefore will not bind to oligo (dT) magnetic beads.
In addition, the mRNA in the mRNA vaccine encodes the antigenic protein on the surface of the new coronavirus, and only the mRNA binds to the ribosome, which is responsible for protein production in human cells, to “command” the ribosome to produce the S protein. However, mRNA is very fragile and many enzymes in the cell can rapidly degrade them, making it difficult to deliver mRNA to the interior of the cell. In addition, the mRNA chain is a long, negatively charged molecule, and the human cell surface has a cell membrane that is also negatively charged, so the mRNA molecules cannot easily cross the cell membrane and enter the cell because the charges are repulsive. Therefore, the use of lipid nanoparticles, which carry positively charged lipid fractions, has been developed to help mRNA enter the cell. However, since positively charged lipid molecules are toxic and too much of them may damage cell membranes and kill healthy cells, the development of previous biological products using nanoparticles or liposomes has often been discontinued due to toxic effects.
The newly developed nanoparticles use what is called “ionizable lipids”. Their polarity changes with pH, and at low pH they carry a positive charge, which allows them to form complexes with mRNA and act as stabilizers of mRNA. At physiological pH, however, it becomes neutral to reduce the toxic effects on cells.
At the periphery of the nanoparticles, lipid molecules modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) are wrapped around the nanoparticles. The modification of PEG has multiple functions, it prevents the nanoparticles from aggregating together to control the size of the nanoparticles and initially prevents the nanoparticles from being detected by the body’s immune system. In addition, the nanoparticles contain cholesterol and other auxiliary lipid molecules that assist in forming the complete structure of the nanoparticles.
Prior to the widespread use of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, therapies using RNA delivered by nanoparticle technology had been approved by the FDA in the U.S. In 2018, Onpattro (patisiran), an RNAi (RNA interference) therapy developed by Alnylam, used nanoparticle technology to deliver therapies for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin protein amyloidosis (hATTR) patients with RNAi therapy. However, as a therapy that requires infusion every three weeks, patients still need to take multiple anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce adverse reactions to nanoparticles.
The effect of nanoparticles on cells before and after vaccination can be seen in the images posted on Facebook, which show the effect of nanoparticles on the morphology and number of cells after it enters the body.
With more and more videos and reports of a magnetic appearance at the injection site, it is reasonable to speculate that pharmaceutical manufacturer use superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as mRNA transporters. This technique is too complex to discuss here.
However, both lipid nanoparticles and SPIONs were included in the list of ingredients, the reason is still unknown to the public. But it is undeniable that a large number of deaths and injuries following vaccination is related to the ingredients of the vaccine, and the relationship between vaccine ingredients and side effects will be discussed in future chapters.
Reference:
[1] Ministry of Health COVID-19 Vaccine Information Sheet
[2] mRNA vaccines manufacturing: Challenges and bottlenecks
[3] Intranasal delivery of plasmids expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 gB/gC/gD proteins by polyethyleneimine magnetic beads activates long-term immune responses in mice
[4] COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses
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